Sunday, March 30, 2014

The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Victorian Era

by Sam Ackels



The 19th Century, or “Victorian Era,” was an extremely revolutionary time in America. The American Revolution was now over and America began to see exponential economic growth. Society became increasingly industrialized and modernized. Science and medicine also had a giant breakthrough in this era with many bright minds like Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. All of these new ideas and technologies inspired Americans to question their roots and begin to ask more questions. This led to much experimentation, especially sexual experimentation, in this era as shown through these various social and biological ideas.[1] This newfound sense of liberation encouraged young Americans in this time period to be free and express themselves without the fear of going against old traditions. 




As one can imagine, the amount of sex Americans were having during this time period was extremely higher than the past. Sex became extremely widespread throughout this time period and began to reach a point where it could not be well controlled. STDs began to infect people at an alarming rate and no methods of combating STDs were yet developed. The most common STD in Victorian America was syphilis with an estimated ten percent of all Americans suffering from it.[2] Syphilis is a chronic contagious usually venereal and often congenital disease caused by a spirochete (Treponema pallidum) and if left untreated producing chancres, rashes, and systemic lesions in a clinical course with three stages continued over many years.[3] Since medicine and contraception was a relatively new thing in this era, help was nearly impossible to come by and there was no readily available cure. In an attempt to combat syphilis, doctors and inventors such as Charles Goodyear began developing and advocating the use of rubber condoms which were now extremely cheap and easy to make compared to the sheep guts condoms previously reserved for the upper class.[4] Treatment and prevention was not just reserved for males, however. Most females used douching as a method of treating syphilis and other possible STDs.[5] Douching is essentially spraying water into the vagina in an effort to clean it out. No real cures would arrive until the twentieth and twenty-first centuries but at least the American people had a head start on treating these awful diseases.


[1] Marsh, Jan. Victoria and Albert Museum, "Sex & Sexuality in the 19th Century." Accessed March 30, 2014. http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/sex-and-sexuality-19th-century/.

[3] Merriam-Webster, "syphilis." Accessed March 30, 2014. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/syphilis.

[4] Case Western Reserve University, "19th Century Artifacts." Accessed March 30, 2014. http://www.case.edu/affil/skuyhistcontraception/online-2012/19thCentury.html.

[5] Ibid

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